Riboflavin’s main significance is around its essential role in the formation of the two coenzymes: flavin mononeucleotide (FMN); and flavin dinucleotide (FAD). These coenzymes are involved in energy production, phase 1 detoxification via cytochrome P450 enzymes, lipid metabolism and antioxidant protection as a consequence of the role of FAD in the recycling of glutathione via glutathione reductase. It is this latter reaction that is utilised during the assay for riboflavin. 

 

Low levels are associated with fatigue, swollen throat, blurred vision, depression, liver degeneration, glossitis, anaemia, hair loss, skin cracks and dermatitis around the mouth. 

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