
Brain Check Ultra
FDX 350
Looking after cognitive health has never been so important. According to the Alzheimer’s Society, there are almost a million people with dementia in the UK with projected figures estimating the total will rise to 1.6 million by 2040. While Alzheimer’s disease is incompletely defined, studies have implicated metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hormonal deficiencies, and hyper-homocysteinemia as potential contributing factors, and Dr Bredesen’s work argues that optimising metabolic parameters has yielded cognitive improvement in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.
Bredesen’s research suggests that Alzheimer’s disease results from an imbalance in the brain’s neuroplasticity signalling thanks to a series of negative assaults on the body that lead to a downsizing of the brain’s ability and a subsequent cognitive decline.
Bredesen has identified 36 factors including metabolic derangement, poor nutrient status, and exposure to viruses that can trigger “downsizing” in the brain and the protocol employs a number of techniques to address those factors including a ketogenic-style Mediterranean diet, brain training, blood tests and a personalised supplementation regime.
At FunctionalDX we have compiled Brain Check Ultra which reviews the key biomarkers that are identified by Bredesen to have the most influence on neurological function.
They consider the five key areas;
- Insulin resistance
- Inflammation and infections
- Hormone, nutrient, and trophic factor optimisation
- Toxins: chemical, biological, and physical
- Restoration and protection of lost synapses
This is combined with our FDX extensive reporting and interpretation to provide the most in depth analysis of 13 body systems, 7 accessory systems, 7 macro systems, 14 nutrient assessments and more than 40 clinical dysfunction assessments.
Suitable for:
- Those experiencing cognitive decline looking to investigate underlying issues.
- Those looking for a comprehensive review of their cognitive health taking into consideration the latest Bredesen’s research
- Those concerned or wanting to know more about their health outlook, looking to identify potential areas for cognitive decline risk.
- Those interested in ageing well and looking to future proof their health and wellbeing / reduce the ageing process on their cognitive performance
- Those with conditions or symptoms that suggest concerns to cognitive function such as Cardiovascular Disease, high blood pressure, Diabetes, metabolic conditions, memory changes, cognitive changes
- Those with family history of ageing and degenerative cognitive conditions
Key Biomarkers
Key Biomarker
Interleukin 6
IL-6 is a cytokine that can be used as a marker of immune system activation. Released from macrophages, levels may be raised with inflammation, infection, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers. High levels may also be seen after recent exercise (see below) As part of the NFkB inflammatory signalling pathway, IL-6 is rapidly and transiently released in response to infection or injury and stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins and the production of neutrophils. In addition, it downregulates regulatory T cells and activates the growth of B cells. In contrast, it also has an anti-inflammatory role when released from muscle cells during exercise. The resulting signalling cascade is different from the inflammatory macrophage pathway.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Vitamin D3 (25 OH)
A measure of the level of 25 (OH) D in the blood. Vitamin D is essential for bone health, brain health and immune function. Levels may indicate a deficiency due to inadequate exposure to sunlight, genetics, insufficient dietary intake, or toxicity due to excessive supplementation; and can be associated with risks of Cancer, Hypertension, chronic pain and inflammation, Diabetes and Depression.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin consisting of 8 different vitamers. Four of the vitamers are tocopherols and 4 are tocotrienols. The principal function of vitamin E is as an antioxidant to prevent peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids within the cell membrane. It also protects vitamin A and can increase its storage. Once oxidised, vitamin E can itself be regenerated by vitamin C. Low levels are associated with muscle pain and weakness, numbness and tingling, vision problems, coordination problems, poor immunity.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Reverse T3
Considered to be the metabolic brake to counteract the effects of the metabolic accelerator that is T3. Levels are used to identify possible diabetes, effects of fasting, heavy metals, inflammatory, pathogen effects, inflammatory cytokines like IL6 and TN-Alpha, also an indicator of stress.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Free t3
The portion of triiodothyronine (T3) that is not bound and represents approximately 10% of circulating T3 in the blood. T3 is converted from T4 and the majority occurs in the liver and kidneys. The conversion process is dependent on Selenium and bile levels. Levels can be used to assess Hypo and hyper thyroid status, T4 to T4 conversion efficacy, Selenium sufficiency, and Iodine sufficiency.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Free t4
Less than 0.05% of Total Thyroxine (T4) is free or unbound. The hormone is made in the thyroid gland and is the precursor to T3. Production of T4 is dependent on levels of iodine, co factors like B6, Biopterin, Copper, Zinc, Vitamins B2, B3 and A. Considered by mainstream when combined with TSH to be the gold standard for assessing thyroid function., Levels are assessed to identify thyroid status (hypo and hyper), Iodine sufficiency as well as protein status and liver function.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Homocysteine
An amino acid produced through methionine metabolism. This methylation process involves Vitamins B6, B12 and folate as well as zinc and co-factors including magnesium and tri methyl glycine all required in the recycling of methionine to homocysteine and back again. Levels may indicate needs in these nutrients, oxidative stress or metabolic syndrome, risks of Alzheimer’s, CVD risks. Depression, dementia, Parkinson’s, oxidative stress, poor detoxification, IBD.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Magnesium Red cell
A more accurate measure of magnesium can be obtained via red blood cells which contain 2 – 3x more Mg than serum. Mg is a mineral necessary for energy production, muscle contraction, nerve function, maintenance of strong bones, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and over 300 enzymatic processes in the body. It is obtained through diet and is absorbed in the small intestine and colon. Levels may indicate deficiency due to malabsorption or gastrointestinal disorders.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Folate Serum
A measure of the total amount of folate in the serum. Folate is needed to make red and white blood cells in the bone marrow, convert carbohydrates into energy, and produce DNA and RNA. Adequate intake is extremely important during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy, infancy, and adolescence. Levels may indicate dietary insufficiency, malabsorption or anaemia, methylation status, anaemia. Consider links to biopterin pathways and links to neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin etc.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Selenium Serum
An essential micronutrient. As soils become depleted dietary intake has fallen, and the need to assess increases. Essential for thyroid T4 to T3 conversion, protects LDL from oxidation. Levels used to assess immune function, inflammation, heart disease risk and reproduction capacity esp. male fertility, Protective effect against some cancers.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Copper Serum
Used as a marker to identify skin health, mental health, toxicity esp. estrogen and clearance of, heart disease risk, diabetes bone loss and immune function. Used to assess copper sufficiency, inflammation and presence of inflammatory diseases, Levels used to assess needs for copper, zinc, anaemia, immune function, inflammatory conditions, PMS, pathogen infection, adrenal insufficiency.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Arsenic
Arsenic is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic metal that is inhibitory to enzymes involved in energy production. Environmental exposures may be from volcanic ash, metal smelting, pesticides, contaminated water and foods grown in contaminated water and soil (eg rice). Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Mercury
Mercury is a neurotoxic heavy metal. Environmental exposures are commonly through dental amalgams, vaccines, occupational exposures or seafood. Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Lead
Lead is a neurotoxic heavy metal. Environmental exposures are commonly through fossil fuels, cosmetics, lead paint and pipes in old houses (although this is now less common). Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure. Lead exposure can cause anaemia, weakness, kidney and brain damage.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Zinc Serum
Zinc is not stored in the body and dietary intake is essential. Zinc is involved in over 300 enzyme functions. Including the metabolism and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. As well involved in immune function, skin health and healing and senses of taste and smell amongst many. Levels are used to assess zinc status at a serum level, hydrochloric acid production, male fertility, inflammation, copper status amongst many.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
HsCRP
A highly sensitive measure of CRP, a protein in the blood that increases with inflammation.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is needed as a cofactor in approximately 100 enzyme reactions in the body. Of these, amino transfer and decarboxylation reactions (needed for production of serotonin from tryptophan) are possibly the most prominent. It is needed for gluconeogenesis and also modulates steroid hormone activity through binding to hormone receptors. Low levels are associated with skin rashes, cracked and sore lips, glossitis, mood changes, weak immune system, fatigue, tingling in extremities, seizures, high homocysteine.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Vitamin B12
A measure of the total amount of B12 in the serum. B12 is essential in methylation, important for the nervous system and for red blood cell production. Levels may indicate low dietary intake, malabsorption, Hypochlorhydria, autoimmunity, Anaemia or excessive alcohol intake
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
CRP
A measure of a liver produced protein that increases with inflammation. It may also increase following infection, a heart attack, surgery or trauma. Levels may indicate acute inflammation, and diets with too much fat or high GI carbohydrates.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Estradiol E2
Synthesised from cholesterol, this steroid hormone is produced in the ovaries of premenopausal women, where it acts as a powerful reproductive hormone and is highest during ovulation and lowest during menstruation. As the main hormone of the three naturally produced oestrogens, it is also produced in the testes of men, but in smaller amounts. In both sexes, oestradiol is made in significantly reduced amounts by the brain, fat tissue, and in the walls of the blood vessels.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
DHEA-sulphate
The hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important precursor to hormones such as the sex hormones progesterone, testosterone and the oestrogens. It is produced predominantly in the adrenal glands and is involved in the Fight or Flight stress response to resume a calm state after perceived danger/stress has passed. As the most abundant circulating steroid in the body, it has an influence on over 150 known repair functions in both the body and brain. Increased or decreased levels may lead to many common conditions in the endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, hormonal, and nervous systems.
See full descriptionKey Biomarker
Ferritin
A measure of the amount of iron stored in the body. The most sensitive test to assess iron deficiency. Levels may indicate haemochromatosis, excess iron intake, inflammation, oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, excessive blood loss or iron deficiency anaemia.
See full description
Blood Chemistry
Blood Chemistry
Basophils %
A type of white blood cell (granulocyte) that alerts the body to infection by secreting immune substances that influence inflammation and coagulation. In tissues they are referred to as mast cells. These specialised immune cells play an important role in inflammation and prevention of clotting in inflamed tissues. Levels may indicate inflammation, intestinal parasites, infection, endocrine dysfunction or hypothyroidism.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Basophils No
A type of white blood cell (granulocyte) that alerts the body to infection by secreting immune substances that influence inflammation and coagulation. In tissues they are referred to as mast cells. These specialised immune cells play an important role in inflammation and prevention of clotting in inflamed tissues. Levels may indicate inflammation, intestinal parasites, infection, endocrine dysfunction, or hypothyroidism.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Eosinophils %
A type of white blood cell (granulocyte) that secretes important immune substances that influence the inflammatory response. These specialised immune cells are primarily involved in allergic reactions and in host defense against parasitic infection. Levels may indicate intestinal parasites, food/environmental allergies or sensitivities, chronic stress or atopic conditions.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Eosinophils No
A type of white blood cell (granulocyte) that secretes important immune substances that influence the inflammatory response. These specialised immune cells are primarily involved in allergic reactions and in host defense against parasitic infection. Levels may indicate intestinal parasites, food/environmental allergies or sensitivities, chronic stress or atopic conditions.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Haematocrit
A measure of the percentage of blood volume that consists of red blood cells in a given percentage of centrifuged red blood. Levels may indicate dehydration, malabsorption, asthma, adrenal dysfunction, blood loss, gastric inflammation, thymus hypofunction, liver disease, hypothyroidism, or nutrient deficiencies or anaemia from iron, B12, Folate, B6, and need for Vitamin C.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Haemoglobin
An iron-containing metalloprotein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Levels may indicate anaemia from Iron, Copper, B6, Folate, dehydration, poor oxygen deliverability, adrenal dysfunction, blood loss, gastric inflammation, intestinal parasites, malabsorption.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Lymphocytes %
A group of specialised immune cells consisting of B cells, T cells and NK cells that work together to defend the body against pathogens and cancer cells. Levels may indicate acute or chronic viral or bacterial infection, inflammation, toxicity, oxidative stress, anaemia, hypothyroidism, asthma or chronic stress.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Lymphocytes No
A group of specialised immune cells consisting of B cells, T cells and NK cells that work together to defend the body against pathogens and cancer cells. Levels may indicate acute or chronic viral or bacterial infection, inflammation, toxicity, oxidative stress, anaemia, hypothyroidism, asthma or chronic stress.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
MCH - Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin
MCH is a measure of the average weight of haemoglobin per red blood cell. Levels may indicate hypochlorhydria, heavy metals, blood loss, anaemia, nutrient deficiencies or alcohol consumption, need for B12, Folate, B6, Iron, Vitamin C.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
MCHC - Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration
MCHC is a measure of the average concentration of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Levels may indicate hypochlorhydria, heavy metals, blood loss, anaemia, nutrient deficiencies or alcohol consumption. Need for B12, Folate, B6, Iron.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
MCV - Mean Corpuscular Volume
Mean Corpuscular Volume is an estimate of the average size (volume) of red blood cells. Levels may indicate hypochlorhydria, heavy metals, blood loss, anaemia, nutrient deficiencies or alcohol consumption. Need for B12, Folate, B6, Iron, Vitamin C.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Monocytes %
Phagocytic cells that are part of the body’s second line of defense against infection. These are the precursor to macrophages. These specialised cells travel to the site of infection to destroy cancer cells, pathogens and remove dead cells or damaged tissue. Levels may indicate the late stages of an infection, intestinal parasites, liver dysfunction or BPH.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Monocytes No
Phagocytic cells that are part of the body’s second line of defense against infection. These are the precursor to macrophages. These specialised cells travel to the site of infection to destroy cancer cells, pathogens and remove dead cells or damaged tissue. Levels may indicate the late stages of an infection, intestinal parasites, liver dysfunction or BPH.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)
A measure of the average size of platelets in the blood. Levels may indicate increased platelet production, vascular disease, certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, aplastic anaemia or cytotoxic drug therapy.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratio
Used to identify viral and bacterial infection. Also used to identify inflammatory processes and metabolic dysfunctions occurring in the body.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Neutrophils %
The most abundant white blood cell in the body responsible for neutralising pathogens via phagocytosis and unlike other granulocytes, can travel through tight junctions that line blood vessel walls to enter tissues. Levels may indicate acute or chronic viral or bacterial infections, intestinal parasites, chronic stress or inflammation.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Neutrophils No
The most abundant white blood cell in the body responsible for neutralising pathogens via phagocytosis and unlike other granulocytes, can travel through tight junctions that line blood vessel walls to enter tissues. Levels may indicate acute or chronic viral or bacterial infections, intestinal parasites, chronic stress or inflammation.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
Platelets
Small, anucleated cell fragments involved in clotting, vascular integrity and vasoconstriction. Levels may indicate atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, heavy metals, infection, several types of anaemia, blood loss or certain cancers.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
RBC's
A measure of the amount of RBC’s within the blood. RBC’s carry oxygen from the lungs to bodily tissues and transfer carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Levels may indicate nutrient deficiencies including Vitamins C, B12 and folate, anaemia ie B12, iron, Folate, Copper, dehydration and stress.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
RDW
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measure of the amount of variation in the size of red blood cells. Levels may indicate malabsorption, nutrient deficiencies including Iron, B12 and folate, anaemia, intestinal bleeding, inflammation.
See full descriptionBlood Chemistry
WBC's
A measure of total white blood cells in the blood. White blood cells are specialised cells of the immune system that fight infection and defend against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and parasites. They also produce antibodies and memory cells to create immunity against future infection. Levels can indicate chronic viral or bacterial infection. Pancreatic insufficiency, stress.
See full descriptionHormones
Hormones
DHEA-sulphate
The hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important precursor to hormones such as the sex hormones progesterone, testosterone and the oestrogens. It is produced predominantly in the adrenal glands and is involved in the Fight or Flight stress response to resume a calm state after perceived danger/stress has passed. As the most abundant circulating steroid in the body, it has an influence on over 150 known repair functions in both the body and brain. Increased or decreased levels may lead...
See full descriptionHormones
Estradiol E2
Synthesised from cholesterol, this steroid hormone is produced in the ovaries of premenopausal women, where it acts as a powerful reproductive hormone and is highest during ovulation and lowest during menstruation. As the main hormone of the three naturally produced oestrogens, it is also produced in the testes of men, but in smaller amounts. In both sexes, oestradiol is made in significantly reduced amounts by the brain, fat tissue, and in the walls of the blood vessels.
See full descriptionHormones
Progesterone
Progesterone is a steroid hormone released in the ovary. In women, it plays important roles in regulating the menstrual cycle and reproduction, by helping to prepare the body for pregnancy, and maintain the early stages of pregnancy. In men, progesterone is involved in the development of sperm, and is produced at a much lower level than in women. It can help diagnose a failing pregnancy, determine the cause of infertility, or diagnose the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding, as well as adrenal...
See full descriptionHormones
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
This protein is produced by the liver, controlled by sex hormones, thyroid hormones, insulin, and dietary factors and binds to sex hormones - testosterone, DHT (dihydrotestosterone), and oestrogen (estradiol). It helps transport them in the blood. SHBG levels, which change with age, vary between men and women, and can help control the levels of androgens and oestrogens in the body. It can help to determine testosterone levels in the blood, since around 40-60% of total testosterone is bound to...
See full descriptionHormones
Testosterone Total
This test measures the amount of both testosterones bound to proteins (sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin) and free (not bound to any proteins) testosterone in the blood. Testosterone is a hormone mainly produced by the testes in men, or ovaries in women. Testosterone’s diverse range of effects on many different organs and tissues includes bone health building and maintaining muscle mass and strength; increasing lean body mass and fat loss; increasing red blood cell production; ...
See full descriptionImmunology
Immunology
Interleukin 6
IL-6 is a cytokine that can be used as a marker of immune system activation. Released from macrophages, levels may be raised with inflammation, infection, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers. High levels may also be seen after recent exercise (see below) As part of the NFkB inflammatory signalling pathway, IL-6 is rapidly and transiently released in response to infection or injury and stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins and the...
See full descriptionInflammation
Inflammation
CRP
A measure of a liver produced protein that increases with inflammation. It may also increase following infection, a heart attack, surgery or trauma. Levels may indicate acute inflammation, and diets with too much fat or high GI carbohydrates.
See full descriptionInflammation
Homocysteine
An amino acid produced through methionine metabolism. This methylation process involves Vitamins B6, B12 and folate as well as zinc and co-factors including magnesium and tri methyl glycine all required in the recycling of methionine to homocysteine and back again. Levels may indicate needs in these nutrients, oxidative stress or metabolic syndrome, risks of Alzheimer’s, CVD risks. Depression, dementia, Parkinson’s, oxidative stress, poor detoxification, IBD.
See full descriptionInflammation
HsCRP
A highly sensitive measure of CRP, a protein in the blood that increases with inflammation.
See full descriptionIron
Iron
Ferritin
A measure of the amount of iron stored in the body. The most sensitive test to assess iron deficiency. Levels may indicate haemochromatosis, excess iron intake, inflammation, oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, excessive blood loss or iron deficiency anaemia.
See full descriptionKidney Function
Kidney Function
Creatinine
A byproduct generated from normal muscle metabolism through the action of creatine kinase on creatine the muscle fuel. It is filtered through the kidneys for excretion in the urine. Levels may indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, excessive muscle breakdown, increased muscle mass, prostate dysfunction, hyperthyroidism and potential methylation issues.
See full descriptionKidney Function
eGFR
A calculated estimate of kidney glomerular filtration rate function. Subject to age gender, race and creatinine levels in the blood. Levels may indicate kidney dysfunction.
See full descriptionKidney Function
Urea
A waste product generated in the liver due to the breakdown of dietary protein; it is filtered through the kidneys for excretion in the urine. Levels may indicate dehydration, malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiency, hypochlorhydria, kidney dysfunction, high protein intake, fatty liver, catabolic stress (adrenal), inadequate protein intake or protein malabsorption, liver disease, also consider increased need to excrete ammonia and consider pathogens.
See full descriptionKidney Function
Urea / Creatinine Ratio
A measure of the ratio between BUN and Creatinine levels in the blood and is used to assess renal function.
See full descriptionLipids
Lipids
Cholesterol Total
A steroid found in all cells and plasma. Cholesterol is an essential lipid that is obtained through diet and produced in the liver. It is essential for life but can be harmful if levels are too high. It helps to form cell membranes and is used in the production of hormones, vitamin D and bile salts. Levels may indicate oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, blood glucose dysregulation, poor thyroid function, magnesium deficiency, dehydration, liver or kidney dysfunction or familial...
See full descriptionLipids
Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
A better marker to assess CVD risk than cholesterol in its own.
See full descriptionLipids
HDL cholesterol
A measure of a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the bloodstream to the liver to be excreted in bile; HDL transports cholesterol to the adrenals, ovaries and testes where it is converted into steroid hormones. HDL is considered beneficial. Levels may indicate cardiovascular disease., autoimmune processes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver etc.
See full descriptionLipids
LDL Cholesterol
A measure of a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the liver to various tissues in the body. Elevated levels can cause fatty deposits to accumulate in the arteries increasing the risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Levels are measured to assess risks of the aforementioned as well as metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress and fatty liver.
See full descriptionLipids
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Used as a CVD risk assessor. This measure the level of cholesterol that is not carried HDL. Levels can indicate an increased CBD risk, oxidative stress , fatty liver, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, poor dietary regimes.
See full descriptionLipids
Triglycerides
A type of lipid primarily obtained through diet and from the conversion of excess dietary calories into fat for storage. Levels may indicate excess CHO intake and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, biliary and liver dysfunction, autoimmune processes, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, poor fat processing, hypo and hyper-thryoidism.
See full descriptionLipids
Triglycerides / HDL ratio
Used in identifying trends to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes and risks of CVD.
See full descriptionLiver & Gallbladder
Liver & Gallbladder
ALT
An enzyme found primarily in the liver, with small amounts in the heart, muscles, and kidneys. Levels may indicate liver disease, biliary issues, pancreatitis or alcoholism, fatty liver, need for B6.
See full descriptionLiver & Gallbladder
AST
An intracellular enzyme found primarily in the liver and heart and to a lesser extent in skeletal muscle, kidneys and lungs. It is released into the bloodstream due to cellular or tissue damage. Levels may indicate cardiovascular disease, liver disease, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, viral infection with EBV or CMV, muscle injury or acute pancreatitis, need for B6.
See full descriptionLiver & Gallbladder
AST:ALT Ratio
Assess liver function and progression of liver disease. Levels are used to assess Vitamin B6 sufficiency, liver dysfunction, muscle damage biliary obstruction, alcoholic liver disease, also consider hepatitis, insulin resistance, NAFLD.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Minerals & Metals
Arsenic
Arsenic is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic metal that is inhibitory to enzymes involved in energy production. Environmental exposures may be from volcanic ash, metal smelting, pesticides, contaminated water and foods grown in contaminated water and soil (eg rice). Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Calcium
45% of calcium is inactive and bound to albumin, of the rest 45% is free and active. The calcium test measures total calcium. Calcium an alkali earth metal is essential for muscle contraction, oocyte activations, bone and dental health, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, heartbeat regulation and intracellular fluid balance. Levels are used to assess calcium sufficiency, parathyroid function, hydrochloric acid, tissue cell damage, thyroid function, vitamin D sufficiency, Osteoporosis,...
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Calcium : Albumin ratio
Used to assess Vitamin D sufficiency, protein deficiency or loss, calcium insufficiency.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Copper Serum
Used as a marker to identify skin health, mental health, toxicity esp. estrogen and clearance of, heart disease risk, diabetes bone loss and immune function. Used to assess copper sufficiency, inflammation and presence of inflammatory diseases, Levels used to assess needs for copper, zinc, anaemia, immune function, inflammatory conditions, PMS, pathogen infection, adrenal insufficiency.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Lead
Lead is a neurotoxic heavy metal. Environmental exposures are commonly through fossil fuels, cosmetics, lead paint and pipes in old houses (although this is now less common). Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure. Lead exposure can cause anaemia, weakness, kidney and brain damage.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Magnesium Red cell
A more accurate measure of magnesium can be obtained via red blood cells which contain 2 – 3x more Mg than serum. Mg is a mineral necessary for energy production, muscle contraction, nerve function, maintenance of strong bones, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and over 300 enzymatic processes in the body. It is obtained through diet and is absorbed in the small intestine and colon. Levels may indicate deficiency due to malabsorption or gastrointestinal disorders.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Magnesium Serum
A measure of magnesium in the blood. Mg is a mineral necessary for energy production, muscle contraction, nerve function, maintenance of strong bones, protein and carbohydrate metabolism and over 300 enzymatic processes in the body. It is obtained through the diet and is absorbed in the small intestine and colon. Levels may indicate a deficiency due to malabsorption or digestive disorders.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Mercury
Mercury is a neurotoxic heavy metal. Environmental exposures are commonly through dental amalgams, vaccines, occupational exposures or seafood. Raised serum levels may reflect a recent exposure.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Selenium Serum
An essential micronutrient. As soils become depleted dietary intake has fallen, and the need to assess increases. Essential for thyroid T4 to T3 conversion, protects LDL from oxidation. Levels used to assess immune function, inflammation, heart disease risk and reproduction capacity esp. male fertility, Protective effect against some cancers.
See full descriptionMinerals & Metals
Zinc Serum
Zinc is not stored in the body and dietary intake is essential. Zinc is involved in over 300 enzyme functions. Including the metabolism and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. As well involved in immune function, skin health and healing and senses of taste and smell amongst many. Levels are used to assess zinc status at a serum level, hydrochloric acid production, male fertility, inflammation, copper status amongst many.
See full descriptionProteins
Proteins
Albumin
The most abundant plasma protein in serum produced by the liver. It contributes to plasma osmotic gradient, transports nutrients, hormones and other substances in the blood and is needed for tissue maintenance and repair. Levels may indicate dehydration, hydrochloric acid insufficiency, oxidative stress, free radical activity, Vitamin C need, infection, inflammation, liver, or kidney disease.
See full descriptionProteins
Globulin
A plasma protein with different subtypes produced by the liver and immune system. Some transport nutrients and some, called Immunoglobulins, help to fight infection. Levels may indicate digestive inflammation, immune insufficiency, Gastritis, Cancer, liver damage, heavy metals, chemical toxicity, immune activation including parasites, elevated oestrogen, Haemolytic Anaemia.
See full descriptionProteins
Total Protein
The sum of total proteins, ie. comprised of albumin and globulin totals in the blood. Levels may indicate dehydration, malnutrition, amino acid need, inflammatory conditions, hypochlorhydria, kidney or liver disease.
See full descriptionSugars
Sugars
Glucose
The main energy source of the body. Controlled by hormones including Insulin and Glucagon. Poorly controlled levels are associated with Diabetes, insulin resistance. Inflammatory processes including Metabolic Syndrome and Hypoglycaemia.
See full descriptionSugars
HBA1C
Haemoglobin A1C measures the amount of glucose that combines with Haemoglobin (glycosylation) over the life of the red blood cells i.e. approximately 90 days. Levels therefore can identify long term glucose management and control as well as Hypoglycaemia. Unlike a fasting glucose test this marker does require fasting.
See full descriptionSugars
Insulin (fasting)
A fasting insulin test identifies the level of insulin after an 8 to 12 hour fast. Insulin is a pancreatic hormone released to manage the process of glucose being transported into the cells for energy production purposes. Levels are associated with Insulin resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, inflammation, Obesity, lipid management and risks of CVD.
See full descriptionThyroid
Thyroid
Free t3
The portion of triiodothyronine (T3) that is not bound and represents approximately 10% of circulating T3 in the blood. T3 is converted from T4 and the majority occurs in the liver and kidneys. The conversion process is dependent on Selenium and bile levels. Levels can be used to assess Hypo and hyper thyroid status, T4 to T4 conversion efficacy, Selenium sufficiency, and Iodine sufficiency.
See full descriptionThyroid
Free t4
Less than 0.05% of Total Thyroxine (T4) is free or unbound. The hormone is made in the thyroid gland and is the precursor to T3. Production of T4 is dependent on levels of iodine, co factors like B6, Biopterin, Copper, Zinc, Vitamins B2, B3 and A. Considered by mainstream when combined with TSH to be the gold standard for assessing thyroid function., Levels are assessed to identify thyroid status (hypo and hyper), Iodine sufficiency as well as protein status and liver function.
See full descriptionThyroid
Reverse T3
Considered to be the metabolic brake to counteract the effects of the metabolic accelerator that is T3. Levels are used to identify possible diabetes, effects of fasting, heavy metals, inflammatory, pathogen effects, inflammatory cytokines like IL6 and TN-Alpha, also an indicator of stress.
See full descriptionThyroid
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and levels are based on a negative feedback loop to signal to the thyroid gland whether to release more Thyroxine or stop releasing. Conventionally along with free T4 the combination is considered the gold standard for assessing thyroid status. Levels are also affected by heavy metal burdens including Aluminium.
See full descriptionVitamins
Vitamins
Folate Serum
A measure of the total amount of folate in the serum. Folate is needed to make red and white blood cells in the bone marrow, convert carbohydrates into energy, and produce DNA and RNA. Adequate intake is extremely important during periods of rapid growth such as pregnancy, infancy, and adolescence. Levels may indicate dietary insufficiency, malabsorption or anaemia, methylation status, anaemia. Consider links to biopterin pathways and links to neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin etc.
See full descriptionVitamins
Vitamin B12
A measure of the total amount of B12 in the serum. B12 is essential in methylation, important for the nervous system and for red blood cell production. Levels may indicate low dietary intake, malabsorption, Hypochlorhydria, autoimmunity, Anaemia or excessive alcohol intake
See full descriptionVitamins
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is needed as a cofactor in approximately 100 enzyme reactions in the body. Of these, amino transfer and decarboxylation reactions (needed for production of serotonin from tryptophan) are possibly the most prominent. It is needed for gluconeogenesis and also modulates steroid hormone activity through binding to hormone receptors. Low levels are associated with skin rashes, cracked and sore lips, glossitis, mood changes, weak immune system, fatigue, tingling in extremities,...
See full descriptionVitamins
Vitamin D3 (25 OH)
A measure of the level of 25 (OH) D in the blood. Vitamin D is essential for bone health, brain health and immune function. Levels may indicate a deficiency due to inadequate exposure to sunlight, genetics, insufficient dietary intake, or toxicity due to excessive supplementation; and can be associated with risks of Cancer, Hypertension, chronic pain and inflammation, Diabetes and Depression.
See full descriptionVitamins
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin consisting of 8 different vitamers. Four of the vitamers are tocopherols and 4 are tocotrienols. The principal function of vitamin E is as an antioxidant to prevent peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids within the cell membrane. It also protects vitamin A and can increase its storage. Once oxidised, vitamin E can itself be regenerated by vitamin C. Low levels are associated with muscle pain and weakness, numbness and tingling, vision...
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You will need a main test first
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FDX 05: LDH Isoenzymes
£72.00
FDX 05: LDH Isoenzymes
LDH is made up of a number of enzymes that are contained in different body tissues. This test identifies the levels of the different LDH enzymes so tat the site of damage, dysfunction and imbalance can be identified.
Included Biomarkers
Inflammation
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FDX 08: CVD Essential Markers
Fibrinogen and Homocysteine are two essential markers to investigate when concerned about Cardiovascular Disease, cognitive, inflammation, and coagulation risks
Included Biomarkers
Inflammation
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FDX 11: Thyroid Antibodies Investigation
Used to help identify potential autoimmune issues (Hashimoto's).
Included Biomarkers
Thyroid
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FDX 13: TSH Receptor Antibodies
Investigation for identifying autoimmune disease on the TSH receptors usually prevalent in Grave's disease (90%).
Included Biomarkers
Thyroid
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FDX 17: IGF-1
£51.00
FDX 17: IGF-1
IGF-1 used to establish Growth Hormone deficiency or excess dues to it stability during the day unlike GH.
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 20: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Antibodies IgG IgM ANA
An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies investigation can indicate a current, recent, or past EBV infection. Including: IgG, IgM and Anti Nuclear Antigen (ANA)
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 35: Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies
An Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies investigation can indicate recent past or longer term past H. Pylori infection
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 36: Lipoprotein panels
£95.00
FDX 36: Lipoprotein panels
A comprehensive set of specialist lipid markers used in the determination of the risks of CVD, inflammation, immune function.
Included Biomarkers
Lipids
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FDX 38: Anti Mullerian Hormone
Anti Mullerian Hormone investigation useful for understanding ovarian reserve and can be used in assessment of PCOS.
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 42-A: Omega 6:3 and Fatty Acids Report add-on
Using a blood spot sample, this test measures 26 fatty acids, which make up about 99% of all the fatty acids in the body. The report provides fatty acid values and structures are analysed in relation to nutrition and its influence on our health. Three values are considered particularly important in nutritional medicine perspective:: Omega-6/3 Ratio Omega-3 Index trans Fat Level This test and report are a measurement and report on the levels of omega 3, 6, 5, 7 and 9 fatty acids as well as saturated and trans along with ratios and indexes. Levels may indicate deficiencies, needs and excess, assessment for dietary malabsorption, as well as indicating inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk. Blood spot test.
Included Biomarkers
Inflammation
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FDX 43: Fructosamine
£32.00
FDX 43: Fructosamine
A measure of glycated protein formed between glucose and albumin and is a marker for glucose control over the past 3 to weeks. Levels may indicate blood sugar dysregulation.
Included Biomarkers
Sugars
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FDX 60: Osteocalcin
£125.00
FDX 60: Osteocalcin
Protein hormone produced in the bone cells (osteoblasts). Binds calcium and is involved in bone regeneration and formation. Once released into the blood can act like a hormone and has direct effects i.e. it affects the beta cells of the pancreas and in turn can increase insulin production
Included Biomarkers
Bone Health
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FDX 61: ALP Isoenzymes
£75.00
FDX 61: ALP Isoenzymes
Alkaline phosphatase, is made of isoenzymes, each one relating to the tissues they are found including liver, bone, intestine, and placenta.
Included Biomarkers
Inflammation
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FDX 62: Reticulocyte
£30.00
FDX 62: Reticulocyte
Reticulocytes are newly formed and immature red blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow. They are reported as a percentage of total Red Blood Cells and can be used as an indicator or an individual's ability to produce RBCs. Levels are used to assess the bone marrow’s response to anaemia. and the effects of supplementation in the case of B12, B6 and Folate anaemias.
Included Biomarkers
Blood Chemistry
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FDX 63: Complement factors C3 & C4
C3 is Important for the body’s immune function and response to inflammation. The main function is to destroy bacteria and viruses. C4 is Important for the body’s immune function and response to inflammation originating from the HLA system
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 64: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase. An enzyme that catalyses the energy (glucose to pyruvate) producing pathway that supplies reducing energy by maintaining the level of NADPH by reducing NADP to NADPH and compound essential in the biosynthesis of fatty acids
Included Biomarkers
Enzymes
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FDX 65: Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)
Examines the levels of specific blood proteins the Globulins. These are divided into Albumin as well as Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta, and Gamma globulins
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 66: Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies
Type 1 diabetes investigation or latent autoimmune adult diabetes. GAD enzyme is required for the healthy function of the pancreas. The presence of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies indicates Type 1 diabetes. Can be used to assess if gestational diabetes is type 1. Also can indicate neurological disorders. Consider in relation to gluten sensitivity and coeliac disease
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 67: Lp-PLA2 (PLAC) Cardiovascular investigation
Measures the amount of lipoprotein associated phospholipase in the blood. Primarily associated with LDL which carried the Lp-PLA2 to the coronary artery walls activating an immune response making plaque. Levels are associated with increased risk of heart attack and stroke and is an excellent coronary marker
Included Biomarkers
Lipids
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FDX 69: IgG, IgM, IgE Immunoglobulins
Measurement of IgG, IgM, IgE Immunoglobulins in investigations of the immune system
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 70: Ceruloplasmin
£30.00
FDX 70: Ceruloplasmin
Copper transport protein binds 95% of circulating copper. Interacts with 120 other proteins. Is an acute phase protein and responds to inflammation and inflammatory diseases.
Included Biomarkers
Proteins
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FDX 72: Cortisol AM
£30.00
FDX 72: Cortisol AM
Known as ‘the stress hormone’ this steroid hormone plays an essential role in helping the body respond to stress, and regulates a wide range of body processes, including metabolism and immune response.
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 74: Free & Total PSA
£49.00
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FDX 77: Diamine Oxidase
£85.00
FDX 77: Diamine Oxidase
Also known as DAO. Used in the assessment of histamine intolerance which can be caused by the deficiency of DAO or an imbalance between histamine and DAO.
Included Biomarkers
Enzymes
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FDX 78: Dihydrotestosterone
£85.00
FDX 78: Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a male sex hormone (androgen). Androgens are endogenous steroid hormones consisting of DHEA, Androstenedione, Testosterone and DHT. DHT is the most potent hormone amongst the androgens because it is not converted to estrogen, it is considered to be a pure androgen. It is created from testosterone via the action of the enzyme 5 alpha-reductase and is produced in the prostate gland, adrenal glands, liver, brain, and hair follicles. Its action is related to the tissue in which it is produced. It is a more potent hormone than testosterone (approx. 1% circulated feely as unbound), it has a slow dissociation (approx. 5x less than testosterone) and long half-life (2x affinity to the androgen receptors). During development and adult life in men, it promotes prostate growth, activity of the sebaceous glands, male pattern baldness and the development of characteristics that are typically associated with men (body hair, muscle growth, and a deep voice). In women DHT levels are associated with issues including hirsutism, amenorrhea, and increased acne.
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 79: D-Dimer
£58.00
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FDX 80: Parathyroid Hormone
£25.00
FDX 80: Parathyroid Hormone
Released from the parathyroid glands, this hormone works with the hormone ‘calcitonin’, to help control calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, and lower calcium levels when they get too high. It plays a crucial role in the breakdown and formation of bone.
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 82: Lipoprotein (a)
£30.00
FDX 82: Lipoprotein (a)
Made in the liver comprising of both LDL and Apolipoprotein A. levels, is used to assess, and associated with hypothyroidism, low sex hormone, inflammation and tissue damage, autoimmunity PCOS and kidney and heart disease.
Included Biomarkers
Lipids
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FDX 85: Pregnenolone
£79.00
FDX 85: Pregnenolone
Included Biomarkers
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FDX 86: ANA IFA panel with Titer
Included Biomarkers
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FDX 88: Cancer Markers 1
£220.00
FDX 88: Cancer Markers 1
Cancer Markers: CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3
Included Biomarkers
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FDX 89: CV-19 Antibodies
£87.00
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FDX 90: Red Blood Cell Zinc
£55.00
FDX 90: Red Blood Cell Zinc
Zinc is not stored in the body and dietary intake is essential. Zinc is involved in over 300 enzyme functions. Including the metabolism and function of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. As well involved in immune function, skin health and healing and senses of taste and smell amongst many. Levels are used to assess zinc status at a red blood cell level, hydrochloric acid production, male fertility, inflammation, copper status amongst many.
Included Biomarkers
Minerals & Metals
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FDX 91: Pernicious Anaemia Panel
£110.00
FDX 91: Pernicious Anaemia Panel
Included Biomarkers
Immunology
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FDX 92: Prolactin
£25.00
FDX 92: Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone produced in the pituitary gland, and plays a key role in fertility, reproduction, and the stimulation of breast milk production. It is also involved in regulating the immune system, suppressing the stress response, creating and activating new neurons, and stimulating motherly (maternal) behaviour. Men and non-pregnant women generally have low levels of prolactin. In women, prolactin tests help diagnose the causes of absent or irregular menstruation, spontaneous or abnormal breast milk flow or other unexplained discharges. In men, they can help diagnose erectile dysfunction or loss of sex drive (libido).
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 98: Leptin
£85.00
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FDX 99: Adiponectin
£85.00
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FDX 102: CEA Cancer Marker
£36.00
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FDX 103: Coagulation Panel
£48.00
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FDX 105: B Vitamins 2: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 & B7
Included Biomarkers
Vitamins
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FDX 110: Heavy Metal Panel
£99.00
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FDX 112: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
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FDX 113: hCG Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Included Biomarkers
Hormones
Test guidelines: Fasting blood draw required in the morning. CLICK FOR KIT INSTRUCTIONS